2020. 6. 17. 06:45ㆍ카테고리 없음
Greenhouse setup tutorial
The most important economic reasons for greenhouse cultivation are increasing the number of harvests per year, increasing crop yields relative to the area under cultivation, determining the time of crop operation and reducing the number of workers.
According to the Young Reporters Club; the agricultural market is never booming; it is always progressing. Population growth and public interest in agricultural products; Perhaps one of the most important factors is the constant presence of profits in the agricultural market.
But these days, a water shortage crisis that has drastically reduced worries about aquatic reserves and groundwater aquifers has put the profession at serious risk, to the point where agriculture has shifted from a secure income to a high-risk job. Has been. But what is the solution? Is it possible to do this in terms of nutrition and economics in this important area? Our answer to you is no. In order to fill the summer market, we should not resort to excessive exports of these products, especially in this volatile dollar market ... but we should also start modern agricultural science and follow the path of advanced industrialized countries in this field. One of the best ways is to set up greenhouses to plant crops. In this article, we try to explain the first steps in setting up a greenhouse. Greenhouse cultivation system is one of the strongest and most efficient agricultural systems, which unfortunately is sometimes used to cultivate marijuana and other drugs such as cocaine.
Learning to set up a "greenhouse" from zero to one hundred
Why a greenhouse?
The greenhouse is a limited part of the space where natural factors can be controlled, so that it creates a suitable place for dense cultivation and production of the product out of season or out of the natural environment. As we said at the beginning, one of the advantages of using the greenhouse method is the low water consumption in planting crops, which is very important due to the country's water crisis.
Another point is the issue of reducing the quality of fertile soils under cultivation due to dehydration; In this way, due to the fact that it is under control, while it solves this problem, it also helps to increase the agricultural products harvested per unit area. In traditional agriculture, almost everything depends on luck.
Farmer Bill looks up at the sky to see when God's mercy will be revealed or the terrible storm will finally calm down ... but in modern agriculture almost all factors influencing plant growth are under the control of the farmer. Accordingly, the level of job risk is greatly reduced. In addition, general greenhouses have the ability to determine the time of harvest by controlling the factors influencing plant growth.
This means that the product can be brought into the market just when market demand is high, and ultimately make huge profits out of it. We can also mention the ability of greenhouses and planting and high yields of products that grow in very different climates. With this card, it is possible to prevent the outflow of foreign currency from the country and to supply domestic and foreign products to the market.
Finally, since all the right growth factors are controlled in greenhouses, greenhouse products are of much higher quality than traditional agricultural products and are almost more customer-friendly; and that's several times the profitability of similar crops, but traditional cultivation.
Economic reasons for greenhouse cultivation
The most important economic reasons for greenhouse cultivation are increasing the number of harvests per year, increasing crop yields relative to the area under cultivation, determining the time of crop operation and reducing the number of workers. But any business will certainly have its drawbacks, and the greenhouse is no exception. The following topics can be mentioned as the difficulties of working in a greenhouse: These costs are spent on greenhouse equipment, only once.
Experts believe that if the harvest is relatively profitable, your initial costs will return to your pocket after about three years. The second issue related to greenhouse agriculture is the need for momentary and permanent care in this type of cultivation. For example, just neglecting the temperature of the greenhouse on a winter night can ruin all your months of effort.
Steps to establishing a greenhouse
To set up a greenhouse, you need to go through several steps, the most important of which is obtaining a license from the Agricultural Jihad Organization. To grant you a greenhouse permit, this organization sets several preconditions for you, the most important of which is the availability of basic equipment for the greenhouse. This equipment is mostly related to the issue of temperature control and greenhouse water supply. In this case, you need the following equipment for the heating system.
Central system: Heating system (for greenhouses above 0.4 hectares) in this system, hot water steam is used.
Topical system: Heaters include three categories, single or compression heaters - convection or convection heaters - low energy radiant heaters.
The cooling system actually includes two general hands. Summer cooling system and winter cooling system. In the summer, the fan system (the most common type of system) and the fog cooling system must be provided for the greenhouse. In winter, it is necessary to have a tube-fan system to confirm the opinion of the agricultural jihad expert. In addition, generator (emergency power), thermostat; and a pressurized irrigation system is also a prerequisite for the organization's initial visit.
Agricultural Jihad Permit
After equipping the greenhouse, to get a license, we must first refer to the management of the relevant agricultural jihad in the city. Provide the documents required by this organization. These documents include:
* Ownership document, whether official, charter or six-year lease. Promises and leases must be approved by an official body such as the local council or the agricultural jihad.
* Providing a license for the operation of wells or official documents that indicate the supply of water consumption from aqueducts, springs, rivers, canals.
* Providing a positive result of the water test used in the greenhouse, from one of the reputable laboratories in the province.
* Introduce an agricultural expert to work in greenhouses with a cultivated area of more than 5,000 square meters.
Obviously, your license will be issued after the documents submitted are confirmed by the organization and the inspection expert's approval of the initial condition of the greenhouse is sent to this organization.
The first steps for modern agriculture
Greenhouse effect on human progress is very important. The first step after getting a license is to plant a crop. There are two ways to plant a plant. Seed planting method which is the traditional type of planting and seedling planting method. Agricultural experts believe that planting seedlings has more economic advantages than comparing or planting seeds for the following reasons.
These reasons include: prolonged use time in the traditional type, the need for more manpower to transfer the seeds to the greenhouse, the high amount of discarded seeds, both during storage and growth, and ultimately the uncertainty of the farmer's quality. Seed plant; However, planting seedlings is very economical due to the fact that the quality of the plant can be determined and the possibility of choosing healthy and one-handed plants and reducing water consumption.
Build a home greenhouse
If you also love setting up a greenhouse, but don't have enough money to set up a large greenhouse, here's a suggestion: Sloping spaces such as courtyards and rooftops can be economical for you. For example, consider a 100-meter space on the roof of your home to set up a greenhouse.
Lift the greenhouse frame with a metal frame, because it is more durable and it is better to use UV plastics to insulate it. Because they repel the sun's harmful rays, while simple insulation under sunlight has the property of being a magnifying glass, which is very harmful for the growth of plants, especially summer plants. These UV insulators do not differ much in price from the plastic type, but as a result the work plays an essential role.
Now you need to think about the water supply system for your greenhouse. Drip water supply is the best and most economical method for your small greenhouse. You can use it once and for all at a cost.
To set up this system in 100 square meters, set aside about two million tomans. The water supply system includes a 1,000-liter water tank and about one-hundredth of an inch and a half of pipe for drip irrigation and a medium water pump. The important thing about drip irrigation is that it consumes a little water in this system, even less than the amount you use with a manual sprinkler. This water supply system costs about two million tomans.
Now you have to think about where to plant the seedlings, there are two methods of cushioning and guttering. The cushioning method is much less expensive, but disposable, because plastic pots are used. Due to its longevity and high durability, the gutter method is a wiser option. The gutter, as its name implies, is a galvanized semiconductor tube. The inside of these pipes is filled with soil, and these structures give you a one-handed greenhouse.
Now it's time to prepare the greenhouse for planting, so go for the soil and choose the type of crop. Cucumber is a good option for a beginner. The best soil for growing cucumbers is coco peat and perlite. This type of soil is reasonably priced and also of high quality. To prepare the soil for 100 square meters of greenhouse, you have to spend about 300 thousand tomans; and now you have to go buy seedlings, fertilizers and so on.
So far, for a beginner, planting greenhouse cucumbers, except for the cost of planting beds, which is forever, the first courses cost about eight million tomans to buy soil, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, heating and cooling systems, water consumption costs, etc. And it costs money to diagnose the pest.
Efficiency
You can take two to three courses each year; Plant and harvest. Spring, summer and winter planting, as crops are marketed in the summer, summer planting is not recommended.
In a greener greenhouse, about 300 cucumbers can be planted, and each plant produces about 10 kilograms of care at the right time, and eventually we will have about three tons at the end of the period. Of course, the price of cucumbers varies during the year. If we consider the average of about 2,500 kilos, we will have a gross income of 15 million tomans at the end of the year.